Communications in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The primary
regulator of communications in the United States is the Federal Communications
Commission. It closely regulates all of the industries mentioned below with the
exception of newspapers and the Internet service provider industry.
History
Press
Newspapers
declined in their influence and penetration into American households in the
late 20th century. Most newspapers are local, having little circulation outside
their particular metropolitan area. The closest thing to a national paper the
U.S. has is USA Today. Other influential dailies include the New York Times,
the Washington Post and the Wall Street Journal which are sold in most U.S.
cities. The Times has a moderate-left stance, while the Journal is
moderate-right and is strongly pro-business.
The largest newspapers (by
circulation) in the United States are USA Today, the Wall Street Journal, the
New York Times and the Los Angeles Times.
Mail
The legal
monopoly of the government-owned United States Postal Service has narrowed
during the 20th and 21st centuries, although the USPS, through whose hands
passes 40% of the world's mail,[citation needed] still delivers more mail in
four days than is delivered by DHL Express, FedEx, and the United Parcel
Service in one year.[citation needed]
Telephone
Telephone system:
General assessment: A large, technologically
advanced, multipurpose communications system.
Domestic: A large system of fiber-optic cable,
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every
form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile
telephone traffic throughout the country.
International: Country code - 1; 24 ocean cable
systems in use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and
16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat
(Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2000).
Landlines
Telephones - main lines in use: 141 million (2009)[1]
- Most of the American telephone system was formerly operated by a single monopoly, AT&T, which was split up in 1984 into a long distance telephone company and several local "Baby Bells."
- Landline telephone service continues to be divided between incumbent local exchange carriers and several competing long distance companies. As of 2005, some of the Baby Bells are beginning to merge with long distance phone companies. A small number of consumers are currently experimenting with Voice over Internet Protocol phone service.
- Most local loop service to homes is provided through old-fashioned copper wire, although many of the Baby Bells are beginning to upgrade the so-called "last mile" to fiber optic.
- Early in the 21st century the number of wire lines in use stopped growing and in some markets began to decline.
Cellular communication
Main article: Mobile phone industry in the United
States
Telephones - mobile cellular: 286 million (2009)[1]
- Most states have several competing cellular phone networks
- The major cellphone companies in the U.S. are AT&T Mobility, Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel, and T-Mobile
Radio
Radio broadcast stations: AM: 4,789; FM commercial
stations: 6,231; FM educational stations: 2,672; FM translators & boosters:
3,995; low-power FM stations: 675 (as of December 31, 2005, according to the
Federal Communications Commission)
Most broadcast
stations are controlled by large media conglomerates like Clear Channel
Communications. There are also many small independent local stations. National
Public Radio (NPR) is the public radio network.
Radios: 575 million (1997)
Television
Television
broadcast stations: 9,024 (of which 1,750 are full-power TV stations; 592 are
class-A TV stations; 4,537 are TV translators; and 2,145 are other low-power TV
stations) (as of December 31, 2005, according to the Federal Communications
Commission); in addition, there are about 12,000 cable TV systems.
Most
local commercial television stations are owned-and-operated by or affiliated
with the large national broadcast networks such as ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, and The
CW. Some television networks are aimed at ethnic minorities, including Spanish
language networks Univisión and Telemundo. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS),
is the public broadcasting network, with over 300 non-profit affiliated
stations across the United States. Besides the large broadcast networks (which
are free for anyone with a TV and an antenna), there are also many networks
available only with a subscription to cable or satellite television, like CNN.
Televisions: 219 million (1997)
Internet
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 7,600 (1999 est.)
Because of aggressive lobbying and the
United States' strong libertarian traditions, the Internet service provider
industry remains relatively unregulated in comparison to other communications
industries.
Country code (Top level domain): US
For various historical
reasons, the .us domain was never widely used outside of a small number of
government agencies and school districts. Most companies signed up for top
level domains like .com instead.
NeuStar Inc. now has control over
the .us registry and is trying to promote the domain as an option for
American-oriented Web sites.
The 50 states of the United States of America are as follows:
Alabama (AL),Alaska (AK), Arizona
(AZ), Arkansas (AR), California (CA), Colorado (CO), Connecticut (CT), Delaware
(DE), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Hawaii (HI), Idaho (ID), Illinois (IL),
Indiana (IN), Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), Kentucky (KY), Louisiana (LA), Maine
(ME), Maryland (MD), Massachusetts (MA), Michigan (MI) Minnesota (MN),
Mississippi (MS), Missouri (MO), Montana (MT), Nebraska (NE), Nevada (NV), New
Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), New Mexico (NM), New York (NY), North Carolina
(NC), North Dakota (ND), Ohio (OH), Oklahoma (OK), Oregon (OR), Pennsylvania
(PA), Rhode Island (RI), South Carolina (SC), South Dakota (SD), Tennessee
(TN), Texas (TX), Utah (UT), Vermont (VT), Virginia (VA), Washington (WA), West
Virginia (WV), Wisconsin (WI), Wyoming (WY).
Aurora,
Illinois, Fontana, California, Akron , Ohio, Moreno Valley, California, Yonkers
, New York, Augusta, Georgia , Little Rock, Arkansas, Mobile, Alabama,
Columbus, Georgia, Amarillo, Texas, Glendale, California, Huntington Beach,
California, Salt Lake City, Utah, Grand
Rapids, Michigan, Tallahassee, Florida, Huntsville, Alabama , Worcester ,
Massachusetts, Knoxville, Tennessee, Newport News, Virginia, Grand Prairie,
Texas, Brownsville, Texas , Providence, Rhode Island, Santa Clarita,
California, Overland Park, Kansas, Jackson, Mississippi Garden Grove,
California, Chattanooga, Tennessee, Oceanside, California, Santa Rosa,
California, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Rancho Cucamonga, California, Ontario,
California, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, Vancouver, Washington, Tempe, Arizona,
Springfield, Missouri, Lancaster, California, Pembroke Pines, Florida, Cape
Coral, Florida, Eugene, Oregon, Arizona,
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Salem, Oregon, Corona, California, Elk Grove, California,
Palmdale, California, Springfield, Massachusetts, Salinas , California,
Pasadena, Texas, Rockford , Illinois, Pomona, California, Joliet, Illinois,
Fort Collins , Colorado, Torrance, California, Kansas City, Kansas, Paterson,
New Jersey, Hayward, California, Escondido, California, Bridgeport,
Connecticut, Syracuse, New York, Lakewood, Colorado, Alexandria, Virginia,
Hollywood, Florida, Naperville, Illinois, Mesquite, Texas , Sunnyvale,
California, Dayton, Ohio, Cary, North Carolina, Savannah , Georgia, Orange
California, Pasadena , California, Fullerton, California, Hampton, Virginia,,
Tennessee, McKinney, Texas, Warren, Michigan, McAllen, Texas , West Valley
City, Utah , Columbia, South Carolina, Killeen, Texas, Sterling Heights,
Michigan, New Haven, Connecticut, Topeka , Kansas, Thousand Oaks , California,
Olathe, Kansas, Cedar Rapids, Iowa , Waco, Texas, Visalia , California,
Elizabeth, New Jersey , Simi Valley, California, Gainesville, Florida,
Hartford, Connecticut, Bellevue, Washington, Miramar, Florida, Concord ,
California, Stamford, Connecticut, Coral Springs, Florida, Charleston, South
Carolina, Carrollton, Texas, Lafayette, Louisiana, Roseville , California,
Thornton, Colorado, Frisco , Texas, Kent , Washington, Surprise, Arizona,
Allentown , Pennsylvania, Beaumont, Texas , Santa Clara, California, Abilene,
Texas, Evansville, Indiana, Victorville, California, Independence , Missouri,
Denton , Texas, Springfield, Illinois, Vallejo , California, Athens, Georgia,
Provo , Utah, Peoria , Illinois, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lansing , Michigan, El
Monte, California, Midland, Texas, Berkeley, California, Norman, Oklahoma,
Downey , California, Costa Mesa, California, Murfreesboro , Tennessee,
Inglewood , California, Columbia, Missouri , Waterbury, Connecticut, Manchester
, New Hampshire, Miami Gardens , Florida Elgin, Illinois, Wilmington, North
Carolina, Westminster , Colorado, Rochester , Minnesota, Clearwater , Florida,
Lowell, Massachusetts, Pueblo , Colorado, Arvada, Colorado, San Buenaventura
(Ventura) , California, Gresham , Oregon, Fargo, North Dakota, Carlsbad,
California, West Covina, California, Norwalk, California, Fairfield,
California, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
Murrieta, California, Green Bay, Wisconsin, High Point, North Carolina,
West Jordan, Utah, Billings, Montana, Richmond, California, Round Rock , Texas,
Everett , Washington, Burbank , California, Antioch , California, Wichita
Falls, Texas, Palm Bay, Florida, Centennial , Colorado, Temecula , California,
Daly City, California, Odessa Texas,
Erie, Pennsylvania , Richardson, Texas, Pompano Beach, Florida, Flint,
Michigan, South Bend , Indiana, West Palm Beach, Florida, El Cajon, California,
Davenport , Iowa , Rialto, California, iSanta Maria, California, Broken Arrow,
Oklahoma.
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